Unit area production and value analysis

2.1 In 2018, the per unit yield of major grain crops in China dropped by 1.18% to 6948 kg/ha, farmers’ selling price of these crops averaged 2172 yuan/ton, and the output value was 15490 yuan/ha, down 3.40% from the previous year. The cash income from planting these crops reached 6946 yuan/ha, a year-on-year decline of 17.10%. The total unit area cost registered at 17294 yuan/hectare including cash cost of 8545 yuan/ha. The unit area loss reached 1803 yuan/ha, the cost-profit ratio of grain planting was -10.43%, and the profit in cash averaged -1599 yuan/ha.
As for labour hired and land transfer, in 2018, the labor hired for grain production accounted for 6.18% of the total of that, a year-on-year growth of 0.23%, and the cost for labor hired accounted for 8.33% of the total cost of grain production, up 0.18% year-on-year. The rent of land circulation was 18.55% of the total production cost, which increased by 3.45% from the year before.
2.2 In 2019, the per unit yield of major grain crops in China rose by 0.55% to 6986 kg/ha, farmers’ selling price of these crops averaged 2132 yuan/ton, and the output value was 15348 yuan/ha, down 0.92% from the previous year. The cash income from planting these crops reached 6411 yuan/ha, a year-on-year decline of 4.82%. The total unit area cost registered at 17394 yuan/hectare including cash cost of 8737 yuan/ha. The loss from planting crops reached 2046 yuan/ha, the cost-profit ratio was -1.76%, and the profit in cash averaged  2126yuan/ha.
From the perspective of labour hired and land transfer, in 2019, the labor hired for grain production accounted for 6.37% of the total labor force, a year-on-year growth of 0.19%, and the cost for labor hired accounted for 8.74% of the total cost of grain production, up 0.41% year-on-year. The rent of land circulation was 17.77% of the total production cost, seeing a decline.