Communiqué on National Expenditures on Science and Technology in 2012
By CnAgri
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National Bureau of Statistics
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Finance
26 September 2013
I. Research and Experimental Development (R & D) expenditures
In 2012, national total R&D expenditures reached 1,029.84 billion yuan, jumped 161.14 billion yuan year-on-year, up by 18.5 percent, and with 1.98 percent of input intensity (the proportion of R&D expenditures to GDP), 0.14 percentage point higher than that in the previous year, which was 1.84 percent. The average R&D expenditure per capita by R&D personnel (full-time work) was 317 thousand yuan, 16 thousand yuan more than that in the previous year.
In terms of different types of activities, the expenditure on basic research hit 49.88 billion yuan, increased 21.1 percent year-on-year; the expenditure on applied research stood at 116.2 billion yuan, increased 13.0 percent; the expenditure on experimental development totaled 863.76 billion yuan, climbing 19.2 percent. Basic research, applied research and experimental development accounted for the proportion of the total expenditure on R&D funding was 4.8, 11.3 and 83.9 percent, respectively.
In terms of different executive departments, the expenditures by all types of enterprises reached 784.22 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.2 percent; the expenditures by research institutions subordinated to the government departments arrived at 154.89 billion yuan, grew 18.5 percent; the expenditures by universities amounted for 78.06 billion yuan, climbed 13.3 percent. The proportion of expenditures among enterprises, subordinated to the government departments, and universities was 76.2, 15.0, and 7.6 percent, respectively.
In terms of different industrial sectors*, there were 10 industries with R&D expenditure exceeded 20.0 billion yuan, the total R&D expenditure of the 10 industries took a share of 73.9 percent to that of all industrial enterprises above designated size. There were 8 industries (by industry, see Appendix I) with the R&D expenditures intensity (the ratio to the principal business revenue) exceeding 1.0 percent of all industrial enterprises above designated size.
In terms of different regions, there were 6 provinces and municipalities with R&D expenditures more than 50 billion yuan; they are Jiangsu, Guangdong, Beijing, Shandong, Zhejiang and Shanghai. The total expenditures of the above 6 provinces and municipalities reached at 600.98 billion yuan, accounting for 58.4 percent to national total R&D expenditures. There were 8 provinces and municipalities with R&D expenditures intensity at or above national average level: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Shaanxi (by region, see Appendix II).
II. S&T funds allocated by finance
In 2012, S&T funds allocated by national finance amounted to 560.01 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 80.31 billion yuan, and rose 16.7 percent, sharing 4.45 percent to national financial expenditure, higher than 4.39 percent in previous year.
Financial Allocation for Science and Technology in 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&T funds allocated by finance (10,000 million yuan) | Y/Y | Ratio accounted to national financial expenditure (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 5600.1 | 16.7 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of which: Expenditures in S&T promotions | 4452.6 | 16.3 | 79.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other features of expenditures for science and technology expenditures | 1147.5 | 18.4 | 20.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of which: Central | 2613.6 | 11.5 | 46.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Local | 2986.5 | 21.7 | 53.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: In order to normalize financial allocation for science and technology, the statistical caliber of financial allocation for science and technology in 2012 was adjusted by the Ministry of Finance, and data from 2007 to 2011 was revised accordingly ( for details see annotations). Appendix I R&D Expenditures above Designated Size Enterprises by Industry in 2012
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